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Over the past 30 years, the scientific community has made little progress in changing the natural history of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Of the haematological malignancies, T-cell lymphomas have an extremely poor prognosis. One reason for this poor outcome has been that no treatment programme has ever been developed specifically for the broader category of the disease—peripheral T-cell lymphoma—let alone any of the specific subtypes, except advances made for patients with CD30-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Decades of effort have focused on retrofitting chemotherapy programmes used for other diseases, such as CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which have not been associated with much progress, and have universally produced far more toxicity than benefit. A remarkable heterogeneity, a paucity of cases, and the …