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Increasing human activities, a great demand for animal protein and intensive use of antibiotics, are responsible for the persistent emergence of antibiotic contaminants in the environment. Increased attention has been paid to this pollution because it possibly exacerbates the appearance of antibiotic resistance bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. Hence, the effective removal of antibiotic pollutants has become a hot topic in environmental research. Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) coupled with microbial metabolisms and electrochemical redox reactions are considered to be promising alternatives for the degradation of antibiotics contaminants. In this review, state-of-the-art BESs for enhanced antibiotics removal are described and antibiotics removal mechanisms based on BESs are reviewed. The effects of typical parameters, such as the electrochemical properties and initial concentration of antibiotics …