作者
Hakan Melhus, Karl Michaelsson, Andreas Kindmark, Reinhold Bergstrom, Lars Holmberg, Hans Mallmin, Alicja Wolk, Sverker Ljunghall
发表日期
1998/11/15
期刊
Annals of internal medicine
卷号
129
期号
10
页码范围
770-778
出版商
American College of Physicians
简介
Background
The highest incidence of osteoporotic fractures is found in northern Europe, where dietary intake of vitamin A (retinol) is unusually high. In animals, the most common adverse effect of toxic doses of retinol is spontaneous fracture.
Objective
To investigate whether excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with decreased bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture.
Design
A cross-sectional study and a nested case–control study.
Setting
Two counties in central Sweden.
Participants
For the cross-sectional study, 175 women 28 to 74 years of age were randomly selected. For the nested case–control study, 247 women who had a first hip fracture within 2 to 64 months after enrollment and 873 age-matched controls were selected from a …
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