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Accountability and evidence play a prominent role in modern educational discourse. Against the background of the rapidly changing culture relating to the formation of our current education system, the question arises if this process might be a modern trend, possibly influenced by neo-liberal rhetoric and new public management. We consider three points in the history of education in Iceland (including the present) and find that some of the current emphases existed before but in a different guise. We find ambitious attempts to inspect the education undertaken by thoroughly gauging the teaching practices and the reading performance of the young people, driven by a desire to provide good education. These practices reflected accountability and acknowledged the need to collect a variety of evidence. Both the rationale and the methods applied seem to show an important affinity with the current endeavors and …