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BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is now the major cause of death in renal transplant patients. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in stable renal transplant patients as compared with the general background population, and to assess risk factors for cardiovascular disease in this patient group. METHODS: A cross-sectional multicentre study comprising 406 stable renal transplant patients (age 47+/-16 years, 60% males, 71% taking cyclosporin A) were assessed clinically and biochemically 48 months (median) after transplantation and compared with the general population. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the relation between cardiovascular disease and risk factors. RESULTS: Hypertension was present in 55% of males and 34% of females (P<0.001), in 51% with cyclosporin A and in 33% without (P<0.001). Ischaemic heart disease (i.e. angina pectoris and/or …