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Micro and nanoplastics are one of the major emerging environmental contaminants. Their impact on human health is less explored. There are several in vitro studies on their cellular uptake and accumulation, where micro and nanoplastics were mostly reported to be non-cytotoxic. The effects caused by the direct contact of nanoplastics with the immune system, especially at the cellular level is less known. Here we report that RAW 264.7 macrophages undergo differentiation into lipid laden foam cells when exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics (50 μg/mL). We found that exposure of RAW 264.7 macrophages to sulfate-modified polystyrene nanoplastics results in the accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm leading to foam cell formation. Exposure to high concentration of polystyrene nanoplastics (100 and 200 μg/mL) results in increased reactive oxygen species and impair lysosomes in macrophages. The …