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ObjectiveTo determine if processed and ultra-processed foods consumed by children in Colombia are associated with lower-quality nutrition profiles than less processed foods.DesignWe obtained information on sociodemographic and anthropometric variables and dietary information through dietary records and 24 h recalls from a convenience sample of the Bogotá School Children Cohort. Foods were classified into three categories: (i) unprocessed and minimally processed foods, (ii) processed culinary ingredients and (iii) processed and ultra-processed foods. We also examined the combination of unprocessed foods and processed culinary ingredients.SettingRepresentative sample of children from low- to middle-income families in Bogotá, Colombia.SubjectsChildren aged 5–12 years in 2011 Bogotá School Children Cohort.ResultsWe found that processed and ultra-processed foods are of lower dietary quality …