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Short implants have been increasingly used in the aging society. However, studies which explain the difference of stress distribution according to different connections in short implant treatment are scarce.

The purpose of this finite element (FE) analysis was to evaluate the stress and strain distribution of short implants and surrounding bone under static and cyclic loading conditions with 4 different connections.

Three-dimensional models of 4 types of implant systems were considered: internal tissue level, internal tissue level wide, internal bone level (IB), and external bone level. Each system had different types of abutment, implant, and screw with the resorbed mandibular segment of the bone block. Static FE analysis was performed under external loads of 200 N (vertical or 30-degree oblique) to each cusp tip. The strain distributions of the peri-implant bone and von …