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The arcoid bivalve Anadara trapezia (Deshayes, 1840) is a eurythermal estuarine mollusc that flourishes at present in eastern Australia between Port Phillip Bay, Victoria and Townsville in northern Queensland. A. trapezia first appeared in the Australian Quaternary fossil record during Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS) 7. In New Zealand, where it is now extinct, the earliest known occurrences are in the Rangitawa “fossil beds” and in uppermost Castlecliffian strata west of Wanganui, North Island (OIS 11, ca. 400ka). The species had an extensive distribution during the Last Interglacial Maximum (OIS 5e) in both Australia and New Zealand and appears to have had a slightly wider than present geographic range in southeastern Australia during the Middle Holocene, as shown by records from Tasmania and western Victoria, where it no longer lives. Apart from an isolated population inhabiting Oyster Harbour, Western …