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Human embryonic stem cells and human induced-pluripotent stem cells are uniquely defined by their pluripotent differentiation potential and endless self-renewing ability. This capability to become any somatic cell type within the human body has garnered significant attention and interest in the fields of cell biology and regenerative medicine. In studying these promising cells, quality-control assays that can characterize their pluripotency and determine the tumorigenicity of their therapeutic progenies become critical. The most rigorous and arguably accurate among current assays is teratoma formation in vivo. This chapter will provide a brief description of teratoma biology, discuss its clinical relevance, and cover methods of forming, monitoring, and analyzing teratomas. The protocols outlined in this chapter have been extensively utilized in peer-reviewed literature.