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Very few previous studies have examined the relationship between thyroid cancer risk and intake of phytoestrogens (PE); furthermore, these studies have reached inconsistent results.

We analyzed data from a population-based case–control study in Connecticut from 2010 to 2011, including 387 histologically confirmed thyroid cancer cases and 433 population-based controls, with compound data available concerning specific PEs. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between specific PEs and the risk of thyroid cancer, adjusting for potential confounders.

An elevated risk of thyroid cancer was associated with moderate to high levels of coumestrol intake [OR = 2.48, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.39–4.43 for 40–80 μg/day; OR = 2.41, 95% CI, 1.32–4.40 for 80–130 μg/day; and OR = 2.38, 95% CI, 1.26–4.50 for >200 μg/day compared …