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OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between secular trends in energy supply and body mass index (BMI) among several countries.

DESIGN: Aggregate level analyses of annually reported country food data against anthropometric data collected in independent cross-sectional samples from 34 populations in 21 countries from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s.

SUBJECTS: Population randomly selected participants aged 35–64 y.

MEASUREMENTS: BMI data were obtained from the WHO MONICA Project. Food energy supply data were derived from the Food Balance Sheet of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

RESULTS: Mean BMI as well as the prevalence of overweight (BMI≥ 25 kg/m 2) increased in virtually all Western European countries, Australia, the USA, and China. Decreasing trends in BMI were seen in Central and Eastern European countries. Increasing trends in total energy …