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Background:  In Latin America, there is limited research on the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. This Chilean survey is the first national representative survey in the Latin American region to examine the prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual‐IV (DSM‐IV) psychiatric disorders in the region in children and adolescents.

Methods:  Subjects aged 4–18 were selected using a stratified multistage design. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children version IV (DISC‐IV) was used to obtain 12‐month DSM‐IV diagnoses of affective, anxiety, conduct and substance use disorders, and supplemented with questionnaires examining family risk factors, family income, and service utilization. The parent or the primary caretaker was interviewed for children, aged 4–11, using the DISC‐IV; however, adolescents, aged 12–18, were directly interviewed.

Results:  A sample of 1558 children and …