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Objectives:

To evaluate radiographic and functional outcomes after subtalar arthrodesis and to identify patient factors associated with poor outcome.

Design:

Retrospective study.

Setting:

Two academic hospitals.

Patients:

Eighty-eight patients with primary or secondary osteoarthritis treated between 1995 and 2002.

Intervention:

Primary subtalar arthrodesis.

Main Outcome Measurements:

Radiographic outcome was assessed by determining union rates. Functional outcome was assessed through self-administered questionnaires (Short Form-36, Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment, and the AAOS Foot and Ankle Instrument).

Results:

After adjusting for age and sex smokers were 3.8 times more likely to go on to nonunion than nonsmokers (P< 0.05). As patients aged, there was a higher likelihood of nonunion if they also smoked (P< 0.05). Of patients undergoing subtalar bone block distraction arthrodesis 95% went …