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Background

The cancer immunotherapy era began with the approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), ipilimumab, an antibody targeting the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4). Since then, immunotherapy has revolutionized the care of many different cancers. The pathway with the most FDA approvals targets T-cell coinhibitory programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling (1). Most recently, relatlimab, a lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) blocking antibody, has been approved as a new immunotherapy target in combination with PD-1 therapy (2).