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The interiors of plants are colonized by a diverse group of microorganisms. Many of these microbes do not harm their hosts in obvious ways for at least a portion of their life history and are referred to as endophytes. Because of their capacity to influence host phenotypes, endophytes have received a great deal of attention over the past few decades, yet basic questions of endophyte biogeography, ecology, and evolution remain unanswered. To determine the state of endophyte biodiversity exploration—at multiple spatial scales and across the plant phylogeny—we synthesized results from nearly 600 published studies. Our survey revealed a global interest in endophyte biology and highlighted several pressing gaps in knowledge. For instance, of the seventeen biomes encompassed by our survey, seven had fewer than 50 studies (including the boreal, alpine, and tropical grasslands biomes, among others) and …