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 We consider the question of evaluating causal relations among neurobiological signals. In particular, we study the relation between the directed transfer function (DTF) and the well-accepted Granger causality, and show that DTF can be interpreted within the framework of Granger causality. In addition, we propose a method to assess the significance of causality measures. Finally, we demonstrate the applications of these measures to simulated data and actual neurobiological recordings.