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The growth and plasticity of engrafted human mesenchymal stem cells is regulated by external stimuli. Rosuvastatin (RSV) promotes myocardial neovascularization and limits myocardial remodeling in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). While these non-lipid benefits may in part depend on the activation of stem cells, experimental evidence that RSV directly elicits vasculogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells is still lacking. We assessed whether RSV may drive a gene program of vascular commitment and the secretion of trophic mediators with antiapoptotic, angiogenic and antifibrotic activities in human mesenchymal stem cells from full-term placentas (FMhMSCs). With real-time RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, chemiluminescence, Western blot analysis, and in vitro vasculogenesis assays, we show that RSV enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), kinase insert …