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282 SWIFT DL et al. multivariate models. Li et al observed that women in the Nurse’s Health Study (n= 88,393) who were moderately active (1–3.49 h/week) and active (≥ 3.5 h/week), had 43% and 58% lower risk of CHD, respectively, compared to sedentary women (< 1 h/week). 24 Hu et al18 in their study of Finish participants (n= 47,840) observed that a high level of leisure-time PA was associated with 16% and 23% reductions in CHD risk for men and women, respectively, compared to those with low levels of PA. A recent meta-analysis by Li and Siegrist25 observed that in men, moderate and high levels of leisure-time PA had 20% and 24% reductions in CHD risk, respectively. In women, they were associated with 18% and 27% reductions in CHD risk, respectively. Similarly, a meta-analysis by Sofi et al observed that moderate and high levels of PA were associated with 12% and 27% reductions in CHD incidence, respectively. 26 High levels of PA have also been shown to reduce CV mortality in higher risk populations, such as individuals with T2DM and the elderly. Hu et al observed 16% and 31% reductions in CV mortality (n= 3,316) with moderate and high levels, respectively, of leisure-time PA in Finish adults with T2DM. 17 In the Zutphen Elderly Study (n= 802), Bijnen et al27 observed a significant trend for lower 10-year CV mortality (15%), but not CHD mortality, with higher levels of PA in elderly Dutch men (age: 64–84 years). In the same study, men classified as active (20 min of exercise at least 3 times per week) had a 34% reduction in 10-year CV mortality compared to men classified as inactive. Thus, the available evidence strongly …