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Background: This study aimed by means of transesophageal echocardiography, to evaluate hemodynamic changes induced by pneumoperitoneum in patients with normal cardiac performance.

Methods: In this study, 11 ASA I–II patients (mean age, 39 years) with normal cardiac performance undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were evaluated. A 5-MHz transesophageal biplane phased-array transducer connected to an echocardiographer was inserted after induction of anesthesia. Data were collected at three different times: before insufflation (T1), 10 min after insufflation (T2), and 5 min after desufflation (T3). At these same times, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO₂), and peak airway pressure were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A p value less …