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To examine the diagnostic and therapeutic role of fiber-optic and rigid bronchoscopy in pediatric patients with foreign body inhalations. From January 1986 to December 2004, we observed 128 young patients with suspicion of foreign body aspiration. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group I, patients with negative chest X‐ray; group II, patients with radiological direct signs; group III, patients with radiological indirect signs. Removal of the foreign body was effected in 105 patients by rigid bronchoscopy and in 13 patients by fiber-optic bronchoscopy. In 3 group II patients a thoracotomy with a bronchotomy was necessary. Fiber-optic bronchoscopy showed a diagnostic accuracy rate of 100% but played a poor therapeutic role with a case resolution of 10.7%. Rigid bronchoscopy was the main technique, permitting the removal of the tracheobronchial foreign body in 97.2% of …