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Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. We aim to provide a systematic review about the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in anticancer therapy with Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen). Danshen, including its lipophilic and hydrophilic constituents, is potentially beneficial for treating various cancers. The mechanisms of ROS‐related anticancer effects of Danshen vary depending on the specific type of cancer cells involved. Danshen may enhance TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis, upregulate caspase‐3, caspase‐8, caspase‐9, endoplasmic reticulum stress, P21, P53, Bax/Bcl‐2, DR5, and AMP‐activated protein kinase, or activate the p38/JNK, mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and FasL signaling pathways. Conversely, Danshen may downregulate human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA, telomerase, survivin, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, CD31, NF …