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The food challenge for the world to provide adequate nourishment for a rising population while reducing the environmental impacts of production and distribution systems is complex; aquaculture has hitherto been a marginal part of this big picture. Understanding where aquaculture currently and potentially “fits in”—how it can contribute to, or undermine, the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—is becoming an issue of study and public policy. The frontiers between the aquatic food and terrestrial food systems are becoming more important to understand and increasingly integrated. Novel feed sources are used for both terrestrial and aquatic livestock, and as aquatic plants potentially contribute to, or compete with, land-grown crops in supply chains there are large implications for where and how aquaculture is practiced. The new revolution in cell-based foods and precision fermentation is likely to impact on conventional livestock—both terrestrial and aquatic—in ways yet to be seen. The increasing importance of vegetarian, vegan, or maybe non-meat-centric diets will pressure all forms of animal-sourced foods to highlight their cultural, nutritional, and environmental attributes.