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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) also known as kala-azar is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. A national VL elimination program was initiated in 2008 in Bangladesh after the signing of a memorandum of understanding between the Government of Bangladesh, India, and Nepal in 2005 for the elimination of VL from these three countries by 2015. Following the strategic plan of the VL elimination program of the three countries, the national program in Bangladesh was established in 2008. Based on information in the directorate general of health services, expert opinions in a recently held advocacy meeting in Dhaka and on available scientific literature, we report here the successes and challenges of the national VL elimination program in Bangladesh. The program prepared the national kala-azar elimination guidelines and strategic plan for VL elimination in consultation with the technical working …