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The combination of a new 1.7 μm reversed-phase packing material, and a chromatographic system, operating at ca. 12 000 psi, (so-called ultra performance liquid chromatography, UPLC) has enabled dramatic increases in chromatographic performance to be obtained for complex mixture separation. This increase in performance is manifested in improved peak resolution, together with increased speed and sensitivity. Here, we show that UPLC offers significant advantages over conventional reversed-phase HPLC amounting to a more than doubling of peak capacity, an almost 10-fold increase in speed and a 3- to 5-fold increase in sensitivity compared to that generated with a conventional 3.5 μm stationary phase. The first functional genomic application of UPLC−MS technology is illustrated here with respect to multivariate metabolic profiling of urines from males and females of two groups of phenotypically …