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Post-dispersal seed predation can cause an important “bottleneck” in the natural regeneration of many oak populations. In this study, we experimentally quantified post-dispersal seed predation for two oak species –Quercus canariensis and Quercus suber – coexisting in a Mediterranean forest located in southern Spain. Acorn predation was monitored for 2 consecutive years in two different forest sites, with a total of 3360 acorns experimentally dispersed among different types of microhabitat. Most of the acorns were removed (probably by rodents) and assumed to be consumed. Patterns of post-dispersal acorn predation varied depending on various factors. There was a significant effect of oak species, Q. suber acorns being removed faster and in a higher proportion than those of Q. canariensis. There were also significant effects of burial and microhabitat: the highest predation rates occurred for acorns set on the …