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Developments in micro- and nanofluidic technologies have led to new kinds of cell culture and screening systems that are collectively termed organ-on-a-chip systems. Organ-on-a-chip systems are in vitro microfabricated devices that mimic dynamic interactions of in vivo microenvironments. In addition to existing two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell tissues, organ-on-a-chip systems can mimic the biomechanical and biochemical microenvironment of in vivo tissues as well as the interaction effect of the microenvironment on cell and tissue functions. Due to these features, organ-on-a-chip systems have become excellent platforms for drug screening and delivery test and tissue engineering. In this review, specific examples of various types of organ-on-a-chip devices and their applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery test are discussed. The ready feasibility and performance of current state-of …