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Due to depletion of fossil fuel and rapid industrial development there is urgent need to find environment friendly and sustainable technology for alternative energy. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are considered as a promising technology to extract energy from different sources and turn them into electricity. However, due to practical limitations, MFCs are still unsuitable for high energy demands. Since waste water contains several organic substances, therefore, production of electrical energy from waste water using MFC can offer an economical solution to the problem of environment pollution and energy crisis in near future. Therefore, the technological development for bioelectricity generation from waste water is becoming commercially worthwhile. In this review, discussion has been made critically on overall performance improvement strategies of microbial fuel cells and its application on waste water treatment along …