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Recent studies have demonstrated that band 3 carries antigens of the Diego blood group system and have elucidated the molecular basis of several previously unassigned low incidence and high incidence antigens. Because the available serological data suggested that band 3 may carry additional low incidence blood group antigens, we screened band 3 genomic DNA encoding the membrane domain of band 3 for single-strand conformational polymorphisms. We found that the putative first ectoplasmic loop of band 3 carries blood group antigen ELO, 432 Arg→Trp; the third putative loop harbors antigens Vg^a (Van Vugt), 555 Tyr→His, BOW 561 Pro→Ser, Wu (Wulfsberg), 565 Gly→Ala, and Bp^a (Bishop), 569 Asn→Lys; and the putative fourth ectoplasmic loop carries antigens Hg^a (Hughes), 656 Arg→Cys, and Mo^a (Moen), 656 Arg→His. We studied erythrocytes from carriers of five of these blood group …