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The deteriorating epidemiological profile in the United States requires more than a traditional medical response. This report argues that the nursing profession could contribute significantly to addressing this crisis if it embraces its historic role at the intersection of medicine and society, and if educators, employers, and policymakers work with nurses to create jobs with roles that allow them to more effectively utilize their education and training. Several recent developments may provide a unique window of opportunity for this to occur, including the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s reorientation of its mission and programming to focus on building a Culture of Health, the evolving alternative payment arrangements in health care, changes in the oversight of tax-exempt hospitals’ community benefit spending, the ability of new health technologies to decentralize the delivery of care, and changes to the physician …