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Training helps maintain high-quality supervision and its associated benefits (e.g. reduced burnout, improved care). While studies have previously evaluated extended-duration supervision training programmes, none have treated these as complex interventions so have not employed realist approaches.

Building on a previous realist synthesis, this evaluation tests and develops programme theory for extended-duration supervision training to answer the question: to what extent does the supervision training programme work, for whom, under what circumstances and why?

We conducted a realist evaluation of a novel state-wide Victorian 3-month supervision training programme including one or two 3.5-h workshops followed by weekly reflexive longitudinal audio diaries (LADs) for up to 12 weeks.

Realist evaluation data comprised 25 entrance interviews with nurses and allied …