作者
Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petäjä, Tuomo Nieminen, Mikko Sipilä, Hanna E Manninen, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Miikka Dal Maso, Pasi P Aalto, Heikki Junninen, Pauli Paasonen, Ilona Riipinen, Kari EJ Lehtinen, Ari Laaksonen, Veli-Matti Kerminen
发表日期
2012/9
期刊
Nature protocols
卷号
7
期号
9
页码范围
1651-1667
出版商
Nature Publishing Group UK
简介
The formation of new atmospheric aerosol particles and their subsequent growth have been observed frequently at various locations all over the world. The atmospheric nucleation rate (or formation rate) and growth rate (GR) are key parameters to characterize the phenomenon. Recent progress in measurement techniques enables us to measure atmospheric nucleation at the size (mobility diameter) of 1.5 (±0.4) nm. The detection limit has decreased from 3 to 1 nm within the past 10 years. In this protocol, we describe the procedures for identifying new-particle-formation (NPF) events, and for determining the nucleation, formation and growth rates during such events under atmospheric conditions. We describe the present instrumentation, best practices and other tools used to investigate atmospheric nucleation and NPF at a certain mobility diameter (1.5, 2.0 or 3.0 nm). The key instruments comprise devices capable …
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M Kulmala, T Petäjä, T Nieminen, M Sipilä… - Nature protocols, 2012