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The type 2 diabetic phenotype results from mixed effects of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance, but the relative contributions of these two distinct factors remain poorly characterized, as do the respective roles of the gluconeogenic organs. The purpose of this study was to investigate localized in vivo metabolic changes in liver and kidneys of contrasting models of diabetes mellitus (DM): streptozotocin (STZ)-treated wild-type Zucker rats (T1DM) and Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats (T2DM). Intermediary metabolism was probed using hyperpolarized (HP) [1-¹³C]pyruvate MRI of the liver and kidneys. These data were correlated with gene expression data for key mediators, assessed using rtPCR. Increased HP [1-¹³C]lactate was detected in both models, in association with elevated gluconeogenesis as reflected by increased expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. In contrast, HP [1-¹³C]alanine diverged …