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Exosomes are the type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from inward budding of the inner endosomal membrane to form multivesicular bodies, followed by the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane (1). These vesicles range in size from 30 to 150 nm. Composed of a lipid bilayer, they contain both transmembrane and cytosolic proteins and enclose miRNAs, mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and DNA (2). Cells use these vesicles to communicate with both adjacent and distant cells. Exosomes have biological activities in vivo and exert significant roles in various pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, infectious and neurodegenerative diseases (3). The presence of exosomes in body fluids, along with the plasticity of exosomal content in response to various physiological stimuli and pathological states render exosomes an ideal biomarker for disease state. Exosomes …