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Wheat cultivar Xiaoyan 6 (XY6) has high‐temperature seedling‐plant (HTSP) resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). However, the molecular mechanism of Pst effectors involved in HTSP resistance remains unclear. In this study, we determined the interaction between two Pst effectors, PstCEP1 and PSTG_11208, through yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and pull‐down assays. Transient overexpression of PSTG_11208 enhanced HTSP resistance in different temperature treatments. The interaction between PstCEP1 and PSTG_11208 inhibited the resistance enhancement by PSTG_11208. Furthermore, the wheat apoplastic thaumatin‐like protein 1 (TaTLP1) appeared to recognize Pst invasion by interacting with PSTG_11208 and initiate the downstream defence response by the pathogenesis‐related protein TaPR1. Silencing of TaTLP1 and TaPR1 separately …