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OBJECTIVES AND STUDY: To investigate the association of mRNA expression of galectin-9 (Gal-9) and lactose maldigestion in children’ s obesity with different genotypes of the lactase gene (LCT). METHODS: The study involved 85 children with obesity (BMI> 97th percentile) aged 6-18 years. The study defined genotypes of LCT (material for investigation-venous blood), included expression of Gal-9 mRNA (material for investigation-buccal epithelium) by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, and utilized the study of lactose maldigestion by Hydrogen breath testing. The first group of observations was presented by 44 children with genotype C/C-13910, the second group consisted of 41 children with phenotypically identical genotypes C/T-13910 and T/T-13910, p> 0.05. RESULTS: Lactose maldigestion in children with genotype C/C-13910 averaged 36.05 ±4.73 ppm, in children with genotypes C/T-13910-22.61 ±4.1 ppm (p< 0.05) and with genotype T/T-13910-was absent (p< 0.05). The average expression level of Gal-9 mRNA in children with genotype C/C-13910 was 564.6 ±35.8 relation units (RU) ∆ mRNA Gal-9/mRNA actin and was 61.02 ±15.8 RU ∆ mRNA Gal-9/mRNA actin, p< 0.01 in children with genotypes C/T and T/T-13910. The lowest mean level of expression of Gal-9 mRNA (42.47 ±13.4 RU ∆ mRNA Gal-9/mRNA actin) was recorded in the subgroup of children with genotype C/C-13910 and lactose maldigestion (n= 22). Whereas the largest mean level of expression of Gal-9 mRNA was recorded in the subgroup of children with the C/C-13910 and without lactose maldigestion (n= 22)-1086.73 ±51.2 …