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According to health behavior theories, health behaviors are governed by intentions and health beliefs, such as risk perception, outcome expectancies, and self-efficacy beliefs. The present study deals with the role that these factors play when it comes to adopting or maintaining a healthy diet. Moreover, objective parameters, such as age, gender, body weight, blood pressure, and total cholesterol, were considered. In a sample of 1,782 men and women between 14 and 87 years of age, it was found that risk perception was more closely related to objective parameters than to social-cognitive variables and self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and risk perception on the one hand, and preventive nutrition on the other. In addition, intention was specified as a moderator, making a distinction between nonintenders and intenders. It turned out that these two groups were differently motivated to eat healthy foods.