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Genome editing in plants refers to the use of precise techniques to make targeted modifications in the DNA sequences of plants. One of the most widely used and powerful genome editing technologies is CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)(Liu et al., 2017a; El-Mounadi et al., 2020). CRISPR-Cas9, the most commonly used CRISPR system in genome editing, consists of two main components: the Cas9 protein and a guide RNA (gRNA). CRISPR/Cas9 is a revolutionary gene-editing technology that allows scientists to make precise changes to the DNA of living organisms (Zhang and Showalter, 2020; Wada et al., 2020). It has gained immense popularity and has transformed the field of genetic engineering since its development in 2012. CRISPR is a naturally occurring system found in bacteria and archaea that helps them defend against viral infections (Tahir et al., 2020; Deb et al., 2022). It consists of short, repeated DNA sequences interspersed with unique sequences called spacers derived from viral DNA. Cas9 is an enzyme that acts as a molecular pair of scissors in the CRISPR system (Bao et al., 2019; Zhang and Showalter, 2020). It is an RNA-guided endonuclease, which means it can cut DNA at specific locations based on the instructions provided by a guide RNA molecule (Sun et al., 2019; Cram et al., 2019). The guide RNA (gRNA) is a synthetic molecule designed to be complementary to a specific target DNA sequence. It consists of two components: CRISPR RNA (crRNA) is a short RNA sequence derived from the repeated DNA sequences in the CRISPR region (Demirci et al., 2018; Bao et al., 2019 …