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Most ectomycorrhizal (EM) plants associate with many unrelated ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), and many EMF associate with several different plant hosts (eg'multihost'or'generalist'fungi; Bruns et al., 2002; Kennedy et al., 2003). This generalist approach may enhance plant success, because seedlings dispersing into diverse habitats may find compatible EMF and may therefore have a competitive advantage (Bruns et al., 2002; Nara & Hogetsu, 2004). Association with many EMF may also enhance a plant's access to nutrients, particularly if certain EMF are adapted to unique microhabitats or have access to different nutrients (Baxter & Dighton, 2001). Roy et al.(2008) estimated that multihost EMF comprise between 12x and 90x of all species, and suggested that multihost EMF increase the chance of carbon transfer between different hosts, even when present in low frequencies. Although multihost EMF dominate many …