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Aims  Sublingual buprenorphine and buprenorphine/naloxone are efficacious opioid dependence pharmacotherapies, but there are reports of their diversion and misuse by the intranasal route. The study objectives were to characterize and compare their intranasal pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles.

Design  A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study.

Setting  An in‐patient research unit at the University of Kentucky.

Participants  Healthy adults (n = 10) abusing, but not physically dependent on, intranasal opioids.

Measurements  Six sessions (72 hours apart) tested five intranasal doses [0/0, crushed buprenorphine (2, 8 mg), crushed buprenorphine/naloxone (2/0.5, 8/2 mg)] and one intravenous dose (0.8 mg buprenorphine/0.2 mg naloxone for bioavailability assessment). Plasma samples, physiological, subject‐ and observer‐rated measures were collected before …