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The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as one of the most notable technologies in recent years for facilitating new interactions between matters and humans in order to improve the quality of life. Because of the rapid growth of IoT, the fog computing paradigm is emerging as an appealing method for processing data from IoT networks. IoT networks run on intermediate computing nodes within the fog, as well as real servers in cloud data centers within the fog environment.

Fog computing, like IoT and SDN, is attracting a lot of attention. Between the cloud data center and user, fog computing adds more fog nodes. user data may be cached on the fog nodes, and cloud servers may offload duties to these fog nodes. For numerous reasons, fog computing can be regarded a viable alternative for IoT implementation. First, because the Internet of Things creates vast amounts of sensor data, transferring it all to the cloud is impractical. The fog devices can preprocess or aggregate sensor data before transmitting it to the cloud because they are significantly closer to the IoT devices. This conserves network bandwidth in the upstream direction. Second, because many IoT services require immediate response, the cloud is unsuitable for such applications due to substantial traffic delay. Some lightweight applications can be moved to neighboring fog nodes in this circumstance, bringing computational resources closer to IoT devices. This cuts down on processing time. Because both SDN and fog nodes are relatively powerful nodes in a typical IoT deployment, they are frequently coupled, which is a great approach to combine SDN with fog computing features.