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BACKGROUND: Many people display omission bias in medical decision making, accepting the risk of passive nonintervention rather than actively choosing interventions (such as vaccinations) that result in lower levels of risk.

OBJECTIVE: Testing whether people's preferences for active interventions would increase when deciding for others versus for themselves.

RESEARCH DESIGN: Survey participants imagined themselves in 1 of 4 roles: patient, physician treating a single patient, medical director creating treatment guidelines, or parent deciding for a child. All read 2 short scenarios about vaccinations for a deadly flu and treatments for a slow‐growing cancer.

PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand three hundred and ninety‐nine people drawn from a demographically stratified internet sample.

MEASURES: Chosen or recommended treatments. We also measured participants' emotional response to our task …