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There is no consensus whether tobacco smoking increases risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection, disease, or mortality. Whether this is so has substantial implications for tobacco and TB control policies.

To quantify the relationship between active tobacco smoking and TB infection, pulmonary disease, and mortality using meta-analytic methods.

Eight databases (PubMed, Current Contents, BIOSIS, EMBASE, Web of Science, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tobacco Information and Prevention Source [TIPS], Smoking and Health Database [Institute for Science and Health], and National Library of Medicine Gateway) and the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Trials Register were searched for relevant articles published between 1953 and 2005.

Included were epidemiologic studies that provided a relative risk (RR) estimate for the association between TB (infection …