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BACKGROUND:  Alloimmunization after exposure to red cell (RBC) alloantigens depends on genetic and acquired patient‐related factors, dose and route of administration, and the immunogenicity of the antigen, but exact kinetics are still unknown.

STUDY DESIGN and METHODS:  A 5‐year retrospective multicenter study analyzing factors influencing the rate and specificity of RBC alloimmunization was performed, with special emphasis on the time interval between transfusion event and antibody detection. Included were clinically significant alloantibodies against the Rhesus, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, and MSs blood group systems.

RESULTS:  Multivariate analysis involving 1710 immunized patients revealed that time interval between transfusion and antibody tests was strongly associated with the antibody specificity. Anti‐Jk^a and anti‐Jk^b were predominantly found in patients tested within 3 months, whereas anti‐K …