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Ecology of Ismailia Canal and its branches were studied under a comprehensive program of the Freshwater and lakes Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries. Sixteen stations were selected quarterly in Ismailia Canal and its branches during 2011. Physical and chemical characters of water with surface sediment were sampled. Diatoms dominated the epipelon community, whereas chlorophyceae and cyanobacteria were rarely present. One hundred sixty-seven epipelic species were recorded. Diatoms were dominated by the centric diatoms Cyclotella spp. and Aulacoseira spp. Most frequent diatom species underwent multivariate analysis of TWINSAPN to clarify the classification of diatom species and CCA to correlate them to the most effective environmental parameters. Most species were positively affected by eutrophication, PO₄ and NH₄, and seasonal related factor, temperature, whereas …