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The ongoing increase of atmospheric temperature may induce soil organic carbon (SOC) loss and exacerbate the greenhouse effect. As a result, there is a great effort to understand the relationship between temperature and the heterotrophic soil respiration rate (R_SOIL) as it has significant implications for anticipated change of the Earth system. Soil respiration depends on the size of respiring microbial biomass (MBC) and when R_SOIL is measured without concurrent measurement of MBC, the apparent temperature sensitivity of R_SOIL could be misinterpreted since MBC can change with temperature within days or weeks of warming. The effect of temperature driven changes in MBC on the apparent temperature sensitivity of R_SOIL was evaluated using a meta-analysis of 27 laboratory and field experiments conducted at different temporal scales (1–730 d) and under a wide range of temperatures (2–50 °C) and soil …