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To examine the effect of salinity and temperature in the marine tropical rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis, we analyzed various in vivo life cycle parameters, fatty acid (FA) composition, and transcriptional levels of elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) and fatty acid desaturase (Fad) genes. In the case of life cycle parameters, the reproduction of B. rotundiformis showed the highest fecundity under 5 practical saline unit (PSU) and 30 °C conditions, while the concentrations of total FAs were the highest in 15 PSU and 25 °C-exposed groups, respectively. Besides, changes in culture condition (salinity and temperature) resulted in a decrease in n-3 FAs. Therefore, the correlation between nutrient components and the total yield should be considered to determine the optimal culture conditions for B. rotundiformis. The changes in the transcriptional level of Elovl and Fad genes appear to be involved in the …