查看文章

Methods| We used the 2008 and 2016 SK&A outpatient provider files for our analyses. The SK&A is a proprietary data set that includes information on 90% of physician practices in the United States. We first categorized specialty practices as single medical or single surgical specialty practices (Table), examining multispecialty practices separately. We also conducted analysis on the 3 largest categories of primary care practices: family medicine, internal medicine, and pediatrics. We performed supplementary analyses for the top 10 specialties by practice counts across all years. For each practice type, we calculated the proportion of practices with an advanced practice clinician (overall and by NPs and PAs) and the percent change between 2008 and 2016. Using STATA statistical software (version 15, STATA Corp) we created choropleth maps to show variation in the state-level proportion of practices that employed …