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Recently, some of us presented data concerning HIV frequency in female sex workers (FSW) from the port city of Imbituba, Santa Catarina (SC), Southern Brazil10. Out of 90 FSW, six (6.7%) were found to be HIV-positive, and significant association were found between HIV infection and the number of clients attended per day (p= 0.008), and sexual relations without frequent use of condoms (p= 0.015). Now, in order to add some information concerning to other human retroviruses (human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-HTLV-1, and human T-lymphotropic virus type 2-HTLV-2) which share the same routes of virus transmission/acquisitions (ie, mother-to-child transmission, sexual contact, blood transfusion, contaminated needles sharing among injecting drug users-IDU), we conducted the present study. Using enzyme immunoassays (EIA) screening tests ((Vironostika™ HTLV-I/II, BioMeriéux, Bostel, The Netherlands, and Murex™ HTLV-I+ II, Abbott, Dartford Kent England, UK), and Western Blotting (WB) confirmatory test (HTLV BLOT 2.4™, Abbott Murex, Singapore System, Abbott, Delkenhein, Germany), we were able to detect one case of HTLV-1 infection. The socio-demographic as well the comportamental characteristics of the HTLV-1-infected FSW are as follow: female of 25 years of age, white color, birth place in Imbituba, four-year old son who was breastfed, incomplete elementary school, no steady partner, one month in prostitution, one client per day, vaginal and oral sexual practices, no sex during menses, no use of condoms, use of alcohol, sex with IDU, and no blood transfusion. All these data were obtained after she signed the informed …