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A general mathematical model of anthrax (caused by Bacillus anthracis) transmission is formulated that includes live animals, infected carcasses and spores in the environment. The basic reproduction number is calculated, and existence of a unique endemic equilibrium is established for above the threshold value 1. Using data from the literature, elasticity indices for and type reproduction numbers are computed to quantify anthrax control measures. Including only herbivorous animals, anthrax is eradicated if . For these animals, oscillatory solutions arising from Hopf bifurcations are numerically shown to exist for certain parameter values with and to have periodicity as observed from anthrax data. Including carnivores and assuming no disease-related death, anthrax again goes extinct below the threshold. Local stability of the endemic equilibrium is established above the threshold …